Nicole+S


 * System of Government in Han China and Imperial Rome**

Buford T. Justice is a small town sheriff keenly interested in the system of government in Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome. Mr. Justice is an active member of the National Rifle Association and captain of his Neighborhood Watch group. His election to office last year was largely the result of his popular campaign slogans, "**Just** put 'em on **ice**" and "Democracy Breeds Bureaucracy." To help him decide which dynasty to visit, you will need to research answers to the following key questions:

= **Key Questions:** =
 * 1) What types of governments existed in the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty?
 * 2) Why and how did Rome move from a republican form of government to an empire that ruled the entire Mediterranean world?
 * 3) What types of rights and freedoms did people have in both governments?
 * 4) How much influence did the military have in the Roman and Chinese governments?
 * 5) Which empire should Mr. Justice, a southern, small town sheriff, visit? Why?

=Resources= Your research will be confined to the following web resources and library databases. If you wish to use a resource not on this list you must seek approval from your teacher.

**Rome**
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 * China **
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 * __[|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/FORMHAN.HTM]__
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 * Library Databases **
 * @http://www.micdslibrary.com/databases.html

Scroll down to the History/Social Studies menu; the ABCCLIO Ancient World History database is particularly helpful.

=Research and Citations= Use the space below to record your research for each question. Remember that you will need to cite your sources using the format found on the MICDS Library resource page.

What types of governments existed in the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty?
Han China: The Han dynasty was a mixture of feudal structures and a central bureaucracy. The princes would invest as kings. They could also invest their own sons as marquises. Although the princes took part in the government, most territory was in the hands of the emperor. Each territory was under the command of a civil and a military governor. The territories were divided. Although there were many parts of the government, the emperor had the majority of the power.

Imperial Rome: Rome was a Republic. It had patricians, plebeians, slaves, consuls, magistrates, tribunes and the senate. The patricians were the upper class of Rome. They lived in large houses and owned slaves. Since they were citizens, they were allowed to vote. The plebeians were the lower class of Rome. They were also allowed to vote because they were also citizens. The salves had no money or rights. They were not allowed to vote since they were not citizens. The patricians and plebeians voted for consuls, tributes and magistrates. The women and slaves were not allowed to vote. There were two consuls who served for one year. They governed Rome and had to agree on everything they did. After a year, they were replaced and could not run again for ten years. There were a number of magistrates. The magistrates kept law and order and managed financial affairs. When they retired, they would become part of the senate. The tribunes would make sure the people were treated fairly. The senators discussed government issues. They had to know a lot about Roman government. They also gave advice to consuls who would have to agree on everything. The Roman republic was made up of all these parts that made it a Republic.

=== Why and how did Rome move from a republican form of government to an empire that ruled the entire Mediterranean world? === Imperial Rome: Romulus and Remus were the founders of Rome. After many years, the Republic was born. Then they began to have emperors. Octavian Augustus led Rome in many wars. They conquered many areas. They also had the Punic wars to expand the territory. Mostly the military had caused the expansion of Rome.

What types of rights and freedoms did people have in both governments?
Han China: Women didn't have many rights beside divorce. The marriages were arranged as an agreement as bonds formed between two clans. The fathers input on marriage was more important than the mother, but the grandfathers input was more important than the fathers. Once married, the wife had to visit the family temple to become a part of the family and be worshiped after death. After marriage, she would still keep her maiden name. The wife could claim divorce under one of the seven conditions. 1. The husband was being disobedient to his in-laws. 2. He is unable to continue family line. 3. He was mixing another clans blood into the family. 4. Jealousy. 5. The husband has a disease. 6. He did not get along with his brother(s) or sister(s) in law. 7. Stealing The women could divorce for all those reasons. A huaband could not divorce, though, if his wife spent 3 years mourning for a dead parent of his. Although a woman could divorce, remarrying was frowned upon. In China, the women did not have many rights.

Imperial Rome: Women in Rome did not have any rights. They had to go from the authority of their father to their husband's. Even an old widow needed a man to watch over her. Men placed high values on marriage, his home and his family. It made a difference to the way the women were treated. Women could never hold an office or make suggestions. Men could follow the advice of their wives, but could not make a big deal of it. Women were not allowed to go outside the house alone. The upper class women could not work and did not want to. They thought work was done only by slaves and the lower class. Some demanded greater freedom, but some men objected to it. The slaves did not have any right either. The only rights that were given, were the rights of men. Rome did not have many freedoms for women and slaves and it was unfair.

How much influence did the military have in the Roman and Chinese governments?
Han China: The military expanded the Han Dynasty. It was expanded westward as far as the Tarim Basin. It made a secure traffic across central Asia to Antioch. Baghdad, and Alexandria. It created the silk road, which was built by the military, since they had led the expansion there. It was called the silk road because the mostly transported silk. The army also invaded parts of Northern Vietnam and North Korea. The Chinese military influenced the Han Dynasty by the expansion.

Imperial Rome: The military had one main influence on Rome, expansion. Rome controlled the whole Italian peninsula after the wars. The Punic wars were a big part of the expansion. The Romans defeated Carthage in the First Punic war. Carthage struck back in the Second Punic war, but Carthage was defeated in the final battle. The victory in all the wars did not bring peace. There many smaller wars of expansion. Rome became the great ruler of the Mediterranean and it brought wealth to Italy.

Similarities and Differences
Before deciding which dynasty your client should visit, you may wish to create a simple Venn Diagram to compare/contrast the two empires. You may use [|this template] or create one online at Read-Write-Think.

Which empire should Mr. Justice, a southern, small town sheriff, visit? Why?
Mr. Justice should visit the Roman Empire. He should visit Rome because it has a better system of government. In Rome the ideas are spread out, between all the people. In China, they are mostly only in the hands of the emperor. If the emperor decides something, its final. But in Rome, the two consuls have to agree on it. Also, Rome had a better military because they became "The ruler of the Mediterranean". The Roman women also had more rights than those of the Han Dynasty. The Roman empire, to me, semmed to be a better area than the Han Dynasty. So I think Mr. Justice should visit the Roman Empire.

= **Travel Poster Components:** =

media type="custom" key="6215567"media type="custom" key="6215587"

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The **[|Poster Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before handing in your final product. When you have completed the poster, embed it below the "Travel Poster" heading below:

Travel Posters
= **Oral Presentation Guidelines** = The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
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 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

This presentation is about speaking skills and the use of your posters. You will be permitted to use notecards but are NOT to simply read your notes to the audience. The **[|Presentation Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before giving your final presentation.