Rachel+T


 * Technology in Han China and Imperial Rome**

Mac Appleman is an inventor and business tycoon keenly interested in the technological advancements of Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome. Mr. Appleman made his fortune developing consumer products, including the Tofu Turkey Fryer, Toxi-Clean Detergent, and the Musical Toilet Seat. To help him decide which dynasty to visit, you will need to research answers to the following key questions:

= **Key Questions:** =
 * 1) What were the major inventions/innovations of each dynasty?
 * 2) Whom did these advancements primarily benefit? Ordinary citizens? The government? The military?
 * 3) How did these inventions/innovations strengthen and improve each civilization? What needs did they meet?
 * 4) What would you consider to be the most important technological achievement of each dynasty? Why?
 * 5) Which empire should Mr. Appleman, an inventor and business tycoon, visit? Why?

=Resources= Your research will be confined to the following web resources and library databases. If you wish to use a resource not on this list you must seek approval from your teacher.

**Rome**
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 * China **
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 * __ [|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/FORMHAN.HTM] __
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 * Library Databases **
 * @http://www.micdslibrary.com/databases.html

Scroll down to the History/Social Studies menu; the ABCCLIO Ancient World History database is particularly helpful.

=Research and Citations= Use the space below to record your research for each question. Remember that you will need to cite your sources using the format found on the MICDS Library resource page.

What were the major inventions/innovations of each dynasty?

 * Han China**: For the Han China dynasty the amazing inventions that they made were the paper, the compass, the movable type of printing, and the gunpowder. The paper was a sheet of sediment, which results from the settling of a layer of disintegrated fibers. How they figured out to make the compass was that they heated pieces of ore to red hot temperatures and then cooling the pieces in a North/South position. They came up with the movable type of the printer. But the gunpowder was pretty brilliant. They discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and salt-pepper. All four of those amazing innovations are some of the major inventions of Han, China


 * Imperial Rome**: For the Imperial Rome dynasty the major inventions were the aqueducts, the Roman odometer, the buttresses, and the hypocaust. (Which was a Roman heating system.) The aqueducts was a bridge used for carrying water across it to make life easier for the Romans. The aqueducts were also used for soldiers to cross, instead of walking through the water. The Romans also invented the Roman odometer. The roman odometer was to measure the distance traveled along the road. This is how the Roman odometer worked. Each time the 4-foot wheel turned, it engaged once with a cogwheel ,which is a trotted wheel, carrying 400 teeth. This meant that the big cogwheel rotated exactly once every Roman mile, and at that point a calculus dropped into a box. At the end of the trip count the calculi and you would know how many miles you have covered. That was how the Roman odometer was used back then. The buttresses was a sturdy achievement. The buttresses was a mass of masonry of brickwork projecting from or built against a wall to give additional strength. This inventions were good for houses or coliseums. Then the last major invention that they invented was the hypocaust. The hypocaust was a roman heating system. But the thing is is that only the rich Romans had the hypocaust. The heating system was kept going by slaves, who kept a fire blazing in a furnace to heat the warm air.

=== Whom did these advancements primarily benefit? Ordinary citizens? The government? The military? ===
 * Han China**: Most of the inventions did benefit the military. It benefited the military because of all of the warfare weapons that they had. Only some of the inventions that they had was the short swords, spear and crossbows, Jian-2 handed steel double edged swords, and steel dao. Those were only half of the Han war weapons that they used. The Han dynasty was the most powerful in war-weapons. Just by showing that they have amazing war-weapons means that they are very creative, intelligent, and very hard-working.


 * Imperial Rome**: Almost 3/4 of the inventions benefited the ordinary citizens/ plebeians. Because most of the inventions that the Romans built were formed for the ordinary citizens for their own work. Some of the benefits that were mainly for them were roads, the aqueducts, the sewer system, water pump, the Roman odometer, huge stadiums called amphitheaters, milestone, pulleys, and mills. Most of these inventions were meant for the farmers. Like the roads made it easier to travel, move troops, and trade with far away provinces. Like the sewer system made it possible for Rome to become the largest city in the world. They also used mills to ground the raw materials to make mortar, cranes & hoists to lift materials to great heights, solid scaffolding, trusses of wood or ceramics, piles to drive stakes into the ground and so on. There were some inventions that made for military. But not that much are for the government.

=== How did these inventions/innovations strengthen and improve each civilization? What needs did they meet? ===
 * Han China**: All of the inventions that the Chinese made were for their own good. All the inventions that they made was for what they believe and do. The Chinese have added on to some previous inventions just to make the inventions better for their own life. They have used a lot of different technology and innovations to take of work for them. That really what inventions are because people invent things, just so that we don't have to do it ourselves. That is exactly what the Chinese people did for themselfs. They worked together to help them do less work.


 * Imperial Rome**:All of the inventions that they made was made for a purpose. The example of the sewer system. The sewer system was made to clean out the gutters and drains in the city. That one invention made the life of the Romans much simpler for them. But most of them were used for the daily life. The inventions helped improve most homes of the poor. All the inventions that they made were so that the inventions could meet what they really need in life. Some examples of inventions that helped them in the in lives were pulleys which were used to gear force up or down, milestone to have sturdier walls, and water pumps to provide them with water.

=== What would you consider to be the most important technological achievement of each dynasty? Why? ===
 * Han China**: The most important achievment/invention would have to be the paper. The paper was used for education, recordiing important event, and data. The paper wasa sheet of sediment which results from the settling of a layer ofsediment which results from the settling of a layr of distinitgrated fibers. Instead of being made of wood pulp. The invention of paper has had a development in literature and culture.


 * Imperial Rome**: The most important invention/achievment of Rome is a vey hard decision to make since rome has built and made all these different inventions. But out of all their inventions I would have to say the most technological invention would have to be the aqueducts. The aqueducts were the most amazing inventions because of two main reasons. One main reason is so that the Romans could get their water over the bridge instead of walking thhrough the river. The aqueducts just made life easier for the Romans to get water for their village. The aqueducts provided the Romans with over 1 million cubic meters of water each day. It was easy to be powered because it was powered by the gravity. The second reason is that they used the aqueducts to transfer the soldiers. They transported the soldiers across the river so that they would not have to cross the river by foot. The aqueducts were very helpful and that is why it is the most important invention.

**Similarities and Differences:** Before deciding which dynasty your client should visit, you may wish to create a simple Venn Diagram to compare/contrast the two empires. You may use [|this template] or create one online at Read-Write-Think.

Which empire should Mr. Appleman, an inventor and business tycoon, visit? Why?
I think that both dynastys are very spectacular. But the Han dynasty has more war weapons than Rome, so that means that Han China is more protected that Rome. but the Romans have more inventions for houses and buildings. Yes I think that Mr. Appleman should visit the Roman Empire. I picked the Roman empire because they have amazing technology. By amzing technology I mean great expectations. The Roman empire knew what they wanted to acomplish and they made their inventions to fit what they were aiming for. The Romans knew everything that was part of the invention. They knew their inventions like the back of their hand. The Romans have almost every invention for everything that they do.

= **Travel Poster Components:** =

You will create a travel poster for each of the two empires. Each poster should be attractive, persuasive, and highlight the major features related to your topic. You will create the posters using Glogster.edu (instructions will be provided in class) and they should contain the following components:

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The **[|Poster Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before handing in your final product. When you have completed the poster, embed it below the "Travel Poster" heading below:

Travel Posters
//embed your posters here by copying the embed code from Glogster and adding an HTML widget//

= **Oral Presentation Guidelines** = The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

This presentation is about speaking skills and the use of your posters. You will be permitted to use notecards but are NOT to simply read your notes to the audience. The **[|Presentation Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before giving your final presentation