Kyle+V


 * System of Government in Han China and Imperial Rome**

Buford T. Justice is a small town sheriff keenly interested in the system of government in Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome. Mr. Justice is an active member of the National Rifle Association and captain of his Neighborhood Watch group. His election to office last year was largely the result of his popular campaign slogans, "**Just** put 'em on **ice**" and "Democracy Breeds Bureaucracy." To help him decide which dynasty to visit, you will need to research answers to the following key questions:

= **Key Questions:** =
 * 1) What types of governments existed in the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty?
 * 2) Why and how did Rome move from a republican form of government to an empire that ruled the entire Mediterranean world?
 * 3) What types of rights and freedoms did people have in both governments?
 * 4) How much influence did the military have in the Roman and Chinese governments?
 * 5) Which empire should Mr. Justice, a southern, small town sheriff, visit? Why?

=Resources= Your research will be confined to the following web resources and library databases. If you wish to use a resource not on this list you must seek approval from your teacher.

**Rome**
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 * China **
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 * __ [|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/FORMHAN.HTM] __
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 * Library Databases **
 * @http://www.micdslibrary.com/databases.html

Scroll down to the History/Social Studies menu; the ABCCLIO Ancient World History database is particularly helpful.

=Research and Citations= Use the space below to record your research for each question. Remember that you will need to cite your sources using the format found on the MICDS Library resource page.

What types of governments existed in the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty?
Han China: The Han government was a bureaucracy. A bureaucracy has some people at the top and some at the bottom. The important officials lived in nice homes. The officials where chosen by if they were smart and did they job well. To become an official you would have to pass a hard long test. Some of the officials that were not as important could live any where in the empire. These officials also did little jobs to. They would check all the roads and canals. The officials also checked to see if the people had enough grain that was made and was stored for later. The officials could not serve in there home town because they thought they would give there family special laws and not treat them very hard. ([|www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/early_impreial_china/han.html])

Imperial Rome: The first type of government that existed in Rome was a Republic. In the Republic there was the rich, upper class patricians and the poor, lower class plebeians. The patricians owned almost every thing. The patricians also had slaves to do all there yard work and cooking. There was also a senate of 300 men that were all elected by patricians. These senators were the judges and served for life. So when patricians went to court they usually got there way. There was also two leaders called the consul. They shared command over the Roman army. Later in the Republic the plebeians rebelled and tried to take over the patricians. The patricians were over matched so they surrendered. The plebeians made them change some of the laws so it would be more fair. The first thing they made them do is right down the laws so they could not change them. They also wanted to be able to elected some of there own senators. Later they got to elect a consul men. The last type of government is the empire. In the empire there is one ruler. He rules over all the people in the empire. He also could be the commander of the army. The first emperor was Octavian Augustus. In the empire they reached there peek in expanding. They ruled over the entire Mediterranean World and the people that came in it. ([|www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/Index.html]) === Why and how did Rome move from a republican form of government to an empire that ruled the entire Mediterranean world? === Han China:

Imperial Rome: Rome started with a republic government. When they started to expand, the republic started to fade because they did not have a leader. Rome moved to a republic because they did not have enough military and commanders for there army. They would have lost the Punic wars but they had a empire. Rome needed a leader over the government and Rome. But the people of Rome did not want a leader they wanted to have a republic where they could be free. Octavian Augustus was the first emperor. He new that the people wanted to have a republic government again and so he promised that they would soon have a republic, but new they never would. In his empire he encouraged many things like education, art, and literature. He also made a great army. That would soon be invincible. He conquered many places and things. If Rome still had a republic it would never be able to build such a great army because there was only two leaders. With an empire the emperor could chose many leaders and could control all of the things that the army did. He would be able to send messengers to find where the enemy was located and where the army was so he could inform the army attacks. The republic would not be able to do any of this because there would be only two leaders and they would be in the war. This is how the empire became to rule over the entire Mediterranean world. They would reach the peek of Rome with an empire. ([|www.chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects/webunits/greecerome/])

What types of rights and freedoms did people have in both governments?
Han China: People in the Han dynasty had many rights and freedoms. They wrote down there laws. The laws where mostly an extension of the Qin empire. The law code has all the law. There is 960 written scroll and 26,272 articles written in 7,732,200 words. There is 490 article on the death penalty and 1,882 offenses and 3,472 pieces of cases. The law code book is pretty harsh. The law described murder, wittingly killing, killing by mistake, and killing by accident. It was against the law for husbands to hurt their wives. The women also could go to court and make charges against the husband. Some times criminals were beaten with sticks till they confessed. There was not a jail in the Han dynasty. If people did bad things they would die, forced hard labor, exile, and monetary fines. Mutilating punishments also included exile, tattooing face, cutting off nose, castration, and amputation of one or both feet. Later they did not do this but instead they had floggings. ([|www.wapedia.mbi/en/society_and_culture_of_the_Han_Dynasty])

Imperial Rome: Roman people had many rights and freedoms. In the empire the emperor was the most important for the laws. There was a lot of stealing, assault, and murder. Most of the police only guarded the rich neighborhoods, but rarely guarded the poor neighborhoods. Some of the really bad streets were closed because they were so dangerous. The rich people tried to hide that the were rich because if they walked around in nice clothes they would probably be robbed. Thy also would not be traveling at night because they might be in danger. Women and children almost never went out side. Any person could accuse a person even a rich person of doing something very bad. A jury would decide if they are guilty or not. Even when the emperor decided laws poor where treated harsher. The rich also could have slaves. The most important thing is that people could be citizens of Rome.([|www.chalk.richmond.edu/education/projests/webunits/greecerome/])

How much influence did the military have in the Roman and Chinese governments?
Han China: The Han dynasty was influenced a lot by the military. It would have never gotten very big if it were not influenced because every man in china from age 25 to 60 was forced to serve two years in the military. If people did not have to do that then the Han military would not be as big as it was. They said that the Han military had up to 130,000 men to 300,000 men in the army. Also if it was not influence they would have never made all the inventions for the military. They might have not made the crossbow or the long iron swords to help fight in the army. ([|www.wapedia.mobi/en/society_and_culture_of_the_Han_Dynast])

Imperial Rome: Romes military had a great influence on Rome. Without the military it would have never been able to build some of the great monuments and would not be able to expand there empire that far. It would change how Rome was built. If Rome did not have a good military they might not have been able to defeat the etruscans and never would have won the Punic wars vs. Carthage. Without the influence of the military it would have been a nicer place to live because people always did not hae to go to war. But they would have been in more danger because they would not have a strong military. They would have never had that many people in the military. The teenagers would not have to go to war. ([|www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/erope/ancient_roman_culture.html])

Similarities and Differences
Before deciding which dynasty your client should visit, you may wish to create a simple Venn Diagram to compare/contrast the two empires. You may use [|this template] or create one online at Read-Write-Think.

Which empire should Mr. Justice, a southern, small town sheriff, visit? Why?
I think Mr.justice should go visit the Roman empire. I think this because he is a sheriff and Rome has a lot of police man. I think he could interact more because of the crime in Rome and how and what the police men do to help Rome. He could also visit all the new military inventions that Rome has. He could visit the military and compare things from then to things he does now. This experience would be fun for him because he is a small town sheriff and now he would be able to visit an empire at its peek that is one of the biggest empires ever. I hope Mr.Justice will have fun in Rome.

= **Travel Poster Components:** =

You will create a travel poster for each of the two empires. Each poster should be attractive, persuasive, and highlight the major features related to your topic. You will create the posters using Glogster.edu (instructions will be provided in class) and they should contain the following components:

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The **[|Poster Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before handing in your final product. When you have completed the poster, embed it below the "Travel Poster" heading below:

Travel Posters
//embed your posters here by copying the embed code from Glogster and adding an HTML widget//

= **Oral Presentation Guidelines** = The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

This presentation is about speaking skills and the use of your posters. You will be permitted to use notecards but are NOT to simply read your notes to the audience. The **[|Presentation Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before giving your final presentation.