Developed+Culture

=Introduction and Task=


 * [[image:snakes.jpg width="250" height="185" align="left" caption="Pair of snakes, CC Attribution, Mark Bridge"]] A ny** civilization has a highly developed culture that includes architecture, sculptures, paintings, theatre, sports activities, or music. Different types of craftspeople and artists existed in every civilization. People in all civilizations participated in the arts for various reasons. Whether the arts acted as a form of leisure time or as a profession, a highly developed culture practiced many forms of artistic expression.

Your client, **Penny Crayon**, is a budding artist and musician interested in the culture of Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome. Ms. Crayon likes to make clay figurines and watch WWE wrestling. She has written several popular songs, including //Ode to Undertaker// and //Cena Serenade//. To help Ms. Crayon decide which empire she should travel back in time to visit, you'll need to research the role of the arts in both dynasties, noting how they were alike and different, and present your key findings on the following questions:


 * Key Questions**
 * 1) What types of entertainment existed in the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire?
 * 2) Describe the term, “bread and circuses,” the Roman emperors started for its citizens.
 * 3) For what architecture, paintings, literature, or sculptures are ancient Rome and China most famous?
 * 4) Which empire should Ms. Crayon, an artist and musician, visit? Why?

The answers to these questions will culminate in creating a travel poster for each of the two empires. Each poster should be attractive, persuasive, and highlight the major features related to your topic. You will create the posters using Glogster.edu (instructions will be provided in class) and they should contain the following components:

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

=Background=
 * B efore** you begin the research process, read the following brief overviews from Wikipedia to get a sense of culture in Han China and Imperial Rome:

Han luxury items furnished the homes of wealthy merchants, officials, nobles, and royalty. Such goods were often highly-decorated by skilled artisans. These include red-and-black [|lacquerwares] in various shapes and sizes, bronze items such as [|raised-relief decorated mirrors], [|oil lamps] in the shape of human figures, and [|gilded bronzewares], glazed ceramic wares with various incised designs, and ornaments and jewelry made of [|jade], opal, amber, quartz, gold, and silver.[|[250]]
 * Han China Culture**

The first two forms of paper art began in the [|Han Dynasty] with [|Chinese Paper Cutting] and [|Chinese Paper Folding]. These arts have expanded globally.Chinese Paper Art has a long history of paper arts and crafts. These include paper objects used for decoration as well as items used for ceremonial purposes. Frequently, these would be made from paper money, either real or the ceremonial "hell money". These arts are very similar to the Japanese art of origami{[|[1]]}.

Some important texts were created and studied by scholars. Philosophical works written by [|Yang Xiong] (53 BCE–18 CE), [|Huan Tan] (43 BCE–28 CE), [|Wang Chong] (27–100 CE), and [|Wang Fu] (78–163 CE) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order.[|[122]] The //[|Records of the Grand Historian]// by [|Sima Tan] (d. 110 BCE) and his son [|Sima Qian] (145–86 BCE) [|established the standard model] for all of imperial China's [|Standard Histories], such as the //[|Book of Han]// written by [|Ban Biao] (3–54 CE), his son [|Ban Gu] (32–92 CE), and his daughter [|Ban Zhao] (45–116 CE).[|[123]] There were [|dictionaries] such as the //[|Shuowen Jiezi]// by [|Xu Shen] (c. 58–c. 147 CE) and the //[|Fangyan]// by Yang Xiong.[|[124]] [|Biographies] on important figures were written by various gentrymen.[|[125]] [|Poems] and [|rhapsodies] were also popular forms of literature amongst the gentry.[|[126]] Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynasty#Society_and_culture

[|Life in][|ancient Rome] revolved around the [|city] of [|Rome], its famed [|seven hills], and its [|monumental] [|structures] such as the Flavian Amphitheatre (now called the [|Colosseum]), the [|Forum of Trajan] and the [|Pantheon]. The city also had several [|theaters], [|gymnasiums], and many [|taverns], [|baths] and [|brothels]. Throughout the territory under ancient Rome's control, [|residential] [|architecture] ranged from very modest [|houses] to [|country villas], and in the [|capital city] of Rome, there were [|imperial] [|residences] on the elegant [|Palatine Hill], from which the word "//palace//" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into //insulae// (apartment blocks).
 * Roman Culture**

[|Roman literature] was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest works we possess are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome. As the republic expanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy. During the reign of the early emperors of Rome there was a golden age of historical literature. Works such as the '[|Histories]' of [|Tacitus], the '[|Gallic Wars]' by [|Julius Caesar] and '[|History of Rome]' by [|Livy] have been passed down to us. Unfortunately, in the case of Livy, much of the script has been lost and we are left with a few specific areas: the founding of the city, the war with [|Hannibal], and its aftermath.

[|Music] was a major part of everyday life in ancient Rome. Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades and manoeuvres. In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1000 years; thus, our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use would not be familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rome = = =The Research Process= Deciding which dynasty your client would be most interested in visiting may seem like a complicated task, but the Big6 can help you organize your research efforts. As you work through the assignment, keep each of the following steps in mind. If you need help, simply follow the hyperlink for more information:

Step 2: Information Seeking Strategies Step 3: Location and Access Step 4: Use of Information Step 5: Synthesis Step 6: Evaluation** = = =Project Workspace= Each student researching this topic will have a project workspace for documenting his/her research and posting the travel poster. All work related to the project should be maintained there:
 * Step 1: Task Definition

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