Asia+H


 * Culture in Han China and Imperial Rome**

Penny Crayon is a budding artist and musician keenly interested in the culture of Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome. Ms. Crayon likes to make clay figurines and watch WWE wrestling. She has written several popular songs, including //Ode to Undertaker// and //Cena Serenade//. To help her decide which dynasty to visit, you will need to research answers to the following key questions:

= **Key Questions:** =
 * 1) What types of entertainment existed in the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire?
 * 2) Describe the term, “bread and circuses,” the Roman emperors started for its citizens.
 * 3) For what architecture, paintings, literature, or sculptures are ancient Rome and China most famous?
 * 4) Which empire should Ms. Crayon, an artist and musician, visit? Why?

=Resources= Your research will be confined to the following web resources and library databases. If you wish to use a resource not on this list you must seek approval from your teacher.

**Rome**
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 * China **
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 * __ [|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/FORMHAN.HTM] __
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 * Library Databases **
 * @http://www.micdslibrary.com/databases.html

Scroll down to the History/Social Studies menu; the ABCCLIO Ancient World History database is particularly helpful.

=Research and Citations= Use the space below to record your research for each question. Remember that you will need to cite your sources using the format found on the MICDS Library resource page.

What types of entertainment existed in the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire?
Han China: The Han Dynasty brought with it the art of making 'Chinese Furniture' from softwood or Bamboo. 'Chinese Paper Cutting' and 'Chinese Paper Folding.' was a unique type of art in the Han Dynasty. This was called origami. The people during the Han Dynasty used origami in their everyday lives. Today, we use origami to decorate and for art.

Imperial Rome:

Entertainment was essential to daily life in Ancient Rome. Romans were interested in "bread and circuses." theaters, amphitheaters, circuses, and public baths galore. The Romans never seemed to get bored. Chariot racing was Rome's oldest and most popular pastime, dating back to at least the Roman monarchy. Greek chariot races were held in hippodromes in the east, but in the west they were held in circuses. Other events eventually combined with the circus games, such as Greek athletics and wrestling, but chariot racing remained the popular favorite. Amphitheaters were most commonly used for gladiatorial matches. In Ancient Rome, plays were presented at the time of the games on contemporary wooded stages. In the time of the Roman empire, the baths were a place of leisure time during many Romans daily routine. People from nearly every class - men, women, and children - could attend the //thermae //, or public baths, similar to modern day fitness clubs and community centers.

Describe the term, “bread and circuses,” the Roman emperors started for its citizens.
Han China:

Imperial Rome: "Bread and circuses" became the method that the ruling class of ancient Rome used to maintain their power and control of the people. Politicians used this to gain popular support, instead of gaining it through sound public policy. This meant that the politicians used food and entertainment to take the Romans minds' off of their troubles and their unhapiness and focus on entertainment and pleasures. They used gladiator games, animal fighting, and chariot races for the Romans instead of them worrying about any bad situations.

For what architecture, paintings, literature, or sculptures are ancient Rome and China most famous?
Han China: Rome and China had many different famous architecture, paintings, literature and sculptures. The Great Wall of China is one of China's greatest architectural achievements. It was built to keep enemies and outsiders out of their empire. The Great Wall is one of the largest building contruction projects ever completed. The Hans Dynasty was divided into two periods - eastern and western. In the western culture, new books were written and old books were rediscovered. Artists in the Han Dynasty painted and made portraits for the living and the deceased. The people had inventions like the compass, paper and movable type printing. The Han Dynasty had dictionaries, they used art to decorate mirrors. Chinese paper cutting and folding was a unique form of art that is still used today.

Imperial Rome: Romans were famous for their advancement in architecture and engineering. Romans introduced new methods of architecture - The Columns and The Arches. With these methods the Romans were able to construct bigger temples and buildings than ever before. Roman architects used three types of columns through out their long history. The first and most basic type was called the **Doric Style**. It's plain features where not as attractive as its futures forms but it served a great purpose - to hold up huge and heavy buildings. The **Ionic Style**, with its more decorative base and top, was the next type to be used. It still had the same purpose as the Doric style but it futher increased the awe power of the building it was used with. The **Cornithian type** was the King of all Columns. It's fine details and size made the other two types look like rather ordinary. Arches were used not just for their support capabilities but as well for their power to amaze and glorify. The extension of the arch idea lead to the development of domes. The largest dome built for 18 centuries was the Pantheon - a temple built for the Roman gods. The Pantheon was built around 126 CE. The idea of the arch was further extended in the middle ages with the barrel vault and other types of vaults which became the central theme of the Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals. Rome had the Colosseum which is a large area that hosted the games in the Roman Empire. Romans had aqueducts, they were the most important architectural structure in Rome. It is a canal that carries clean water through mountains, it provided fresh water for all the different villages in the Roman Empire. Aqueducts also provided a steady water supply and allowed farmers to water crops and feed animals if needed. The Romans also had literature, which was influenced by Greek authors. Earliest books and readings were about the early military history of Rome. Some examples of these texts are 'Histories' of Tacitus, 'History of Rome' by Livy and 'Gallic Wars' by Julius Caesar. The Ancient Roman Empire did include music in their everyday life. Usually events had music playing in the back round for peoples entertainment.

Similarities and Differences
Before deciding which dynasty your client should visit, you may wish to create a simple Venn Diagram to compare/contrast the two empires. You may use [|this template] or create one online at Read-Write-Think.

Which empire should Ms. Crayon, an artist and musician, visit? Why?
Ms. Crayon should visit the Roman empire. As an artist and a musician, she would appreciate the Roman architecture, and the art of gaming and entertainment and the music. Rome is well known for its beautiful architecture which includes arches, columns, temples, theaters, baths and amphitheaters. As an artist, this is where some of her interests are. Although Romans did not have alot of musical originality, they did enjoy music greatly and used it for many activities. The military used the tuba for signaling, as well as music for funerals, private gatherings, public performances on the stage and large gladiational events. Music was also used in religious ceremonies. The Romans cultivated music as a sign of education. Ms. Crayon will get the opportunity to experience the greatness of the arts. I think that she would have an awesome experience filled with artful pleasures in the Roman empire. She would see more color and more excitement in the art industry rather than in in the Han Dynasty. Rome is a beautiful and wonderful place, full of art and history.

= **Travel Poster Components:** =

You will create a travel poster for each of the two empires. Each poster should be attractive, persuasive, and highlight the major features related to your topic. You will create the posters using Glogster.edu (instructions will be provided in class) and they should contain the following components:

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The **[|Poster Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before handing in your final product. When you have completed the poster, embed it below the "Travel Poster" heading below:

Travel Posters
//embed your posters here by copying the embed code from Glogster and adding an HTML widget//

= **Oral Presentation Guidelines** = The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

This presentation is about speaking skills and the use of your posters. You will be permitted to use notecards but are NOT to simply read your notes to the audience. The **[|Presentation Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before giving your final presentation