Grace+I


 * Agriculture in Han China and Imperial Rome**

Jon Deer is a farmer and equipment salesman who wants to travel back in time to visit either Han China or Imperial Rome. Mr. Deer raises cattle and grain on his highly mechanized 5000 acre ranch and spends much of his time managing his equipment dealership, "Tri-County Tractor." To help him decide which dynasty to visit, you will need to research answers to the following key questions:

= **Key Questions:** =
 * 1) What were the major crops grown in each area?
 * 2) Which animals were domesticated and raised as a food source?
 * 3) Describe the agricultural tools used by each dynasty and the role that human labor played in maintaining a stable food supply.
 * 4) What challenges did each group face? Were they overcome?
 * 5) Which empire should Mr. Deer, a farmer and equipment salesman, visit? Why?

=Resources= Your research will be confined to the following web resources and library databases. If you wish to use a resource not on this list you must seek approval from your teacher.

**Rome**
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 * China **
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 * __ [|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/FORMHAN.HTM] __
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 * Library Databases **
 * @http://www.micdslibrary.com/databases.html

Scroll down to the History/Social Studies menu; the ABCCLIO Ancient World History database is particularly helpful.

=Research and Citations= Use the space below to record your research for each question. Remember that you will need to cite your sources using the format found on the MICDS Library resource page.

What were the major crops grown in each area?
Some agricultural foods that the people of the Han Dynasty ate were: wheat, barley, rice, beans, proso millet, and foxtail millet. They also ate: sorghum, Job's Tears, taro, mallow, mustard green, melon, bottle gourd, bamboo shoot, roots of a lotus plant, and ginger. Some fruits the Han Dynasty people ate were: chesnut, jujube, pear, peach, plum, melon, apricot, red bayberry and strawberries. Spices that they had were: sugar, honey, soy sauce, and salt.
 * Han China**:

Roman diet was made up of: meats, nuts, grapes, olives, and grains. The fruits they ate are: apples, pears, plums, and quinces (because they were cheap and abundunt). Some friuts that came along later on in time were: apricots, peaches, pomegranates, cheeries, lemons (3rd century), but there were no oranges. Nuts that were consumed were: almonds, filberts, hazelnuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The people planted these nuts wherever they settled. The Romans also grew vegetables such as: artichokes, carrots, melons, asparagus, chicory, onions, garlic, beans, cucumbers, peas, beets, cress, cabbage, lentils, pumpkin, radishes, turnips, lettuce, and mallows. They NEVER ATE corn, potatoes, and tomatos. The grain was pounded in a mortar by pistores - men who grind grain. The seasonings they put in there foods were: poppy seeds, salt (cheap), anise, cumin, fennel, mint, mustard, pepper, and honey (as a sweetener). The Romans had all kinds of different breads such as plebeius, castrensis, sordidus, rusticus, name, common, army, dark, and country. The different types of bread were made of wheat flour and bran. The bread was baked in brick ovens. Olives were really a big deal in Rome Olives were the second most important food after wheat. The olives were used as butter, oil, dressings, or eaten fresh as fruits. The olive oil was also very popular, it was used for cooking, lamps, medicines, make-up, and religous ceremonies.
 * Imperial Rome:**

Which animals were domesticated and raised as a food source?
Many domesticated animals were used In China for meat. Some of the domesticated animals were chickens, ducks, geese, camels, cows, sheep, pigs, and dogs. These animals were raised and then eaten. Chinese also hunted wild game such as rabbits, sika deer, turtle dove, goose, owls, Chinese partridge, magpie, pheasant, cranes, fish, and turtles.
 * Han China:**

Romans domesticated chickens, ducks, and geese. The wealthy could afford peacocks. The Romans raised these animals for food. Wild animals that the Romans hunted and ate were: cranes, grouse, partridge, snipe, and woodlock. Romans bred wild animals such as hares and boars. === Describe the agricultural tools used by each dynasty and the role that human labor played in maintaining a stable food supply. === The farming tools Chinese used were manily made of stone, wood, and iron. They also built canals to stop the rivers from flooding and to irrigate the land. Early on human labor was employed for pulling primitive plows. Later on iron plows were pulled by cattle. The iron plows pulled by beasts of burden could plow deeper alot more land and to do it in a shorter time period.
 * Imperial Rome:**
 * Han China:**

Romans also used iron tools. Slave labor was very helpful to the rich farmers. But the poor farmers had to pull their own plow. There were different types of soils, and for different soils, they used different tools. The poor sometimes shared expensive tools like the plows. Roman farmers rotated their crops, so that the soil can remain fertile, and rich. For example, one year the farmer would plant crops, then he would plow and harvest them. The following year he would let the field "rest", and he would farm on his other field. So every year, they plowed, and harvested, but on different fields. Sometimes farmers would have to plow their fields atleast 3 times a year.
 * Imperial Rome:**

What challenges did each group face? Were they overcome?
The Yellow River helped the Chinese civilization, but it also caused many problems. The flooding was the main problem. The river helped the soil become fertile and rich. When it flooded it left behind silt which made the ground perfect for farming. Sadly, the flooding also caused many deaths. To help control the flooding the Cheng-kuo canal was built. It irrigated 200,000 acers of land, and led to an increse in the population. But this canal had to be maintained, at one point it just became to much to take care of. During 8 BC Jiarang (leader of advirsory committee) had an idea. They would direct enough water down to the irrigation canals, and then build higher levees. The people worked on this project for 18 years, from 58 AD to 76 AD. This soulution was one of many challenges that China successfully overcame.
 * Han China:**

Roman crops were often lost due to wars. During the Punic Wars and the Roman Civil Wars many men had to leave their farms and families to go and fight. They left their families with burdens of work. Some men were killed in these brutal wars and when a family could not sustain their farms, they had to sell them. This was not necessarily a bad thing but it was hard for the family. As a result of more farmers selling their land, the population grew. But now after the wars, farming was much easier due to having more slaves.
 * Imperial Rome:**

Similarities and Differences
Before deciding which dynasty your client should visit, you may wish to create a simple Venn Diagram to compare/contrast the two empires. You may use [|this template] or create one online at Read-Write-Think.

Which empire should Mr. Deer, a farmer and equipment salesman, visit? Why?
Mr. Deer should visit China. China has rich soil and it is much easier to farm there. When the river floods, it might flood your crops, but at least the soil will be rich and fertile for the next year. Also after people started learning how to control the flooding, life would have been much much easier there. Your cattles can pull the plows. You would not risk becoming a slave. = **Travel Poster Components:** =

You will create a travel poster for each of the two empires. Each poster should be attractive, persuasive, and highlight the major features related to your topic. You will create the posters using Glogster.edu (instructions will be provided in class) and they should contain the following components:

__**Travel Poster Components**__
 * 1) One Glogster.edu poster for each dynasty
 * 2) At least three "must see" tourist features with detailed text and relevant images for each dynasty
 * 3) At least one audio recording on each poster

The **[|Poster Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before handing in your final product. When you have completed the poster, embed it below the "Travel Poster" heading below:

Travel Posters
//embed your posters here by copying the embed code from Glogster and adding an HTML widget//

= **Oral Presentation Guidelines** = The oral presentation is your opportunity to share your posters, explain whether your client should visit Han China or the Roman Empire, and should follow these guidelines:
 * 1) Less than three minutes in length
 * 2) Should address/explain the "must see" features of each dynasty
 * 3) Should explain which destination the client should visit and why

This presentation is about speaking skills and the use of your posters. You will be permitted to use notecards but are NOT to simply read your notes to the audience. The **[|Presentation Rubric]** will be used to evaluate your work; you should refer to it before giving your final presentation.